Antimicrobial activities of microbial strains isolated from soil of stressed ecological niches of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India.

Antimicrobial activities of twenty bacterial strains isolated from ten different stressed agro-ecological niches of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India were evaluated against bacteria, yeasts and molds. Eleven isolates showing strong antimicrobial activities were characterized. Eight antifungal compounds were purified and partially characterized by Ultra-Violet (UV) absorption spectra and grouped into polyenes and non-polyenes. Antibacterial metabolites produced by four isolates were purified and chemically characterized, of which one isolate (AB) produced a new form of olivanic acid, and other three isolates (C5, Py and M4) produced antibacterial compounds having phenoxazone nucleus.

Production of actinomycin-D by the mutant of a new isolate of Streptomyces sindenensis / Produção de actinomicina-D por um mutante de uma nova cepa de Streptomyces sindenensis

An actinomycin-D producing strain was isolated from soil and characterized as Streptomyces sindenensis. The culture was subjected to UV irradiation and a mutant with 400 percent higher actinomycin-D production was isolated (400 mg/l-1 as compared to 80 mg/l-1 produced by the parent). Production medium was optimized and antibiotic yield with the mutant was enhanced to 850 mg/l-1 which is 963 percent higher as compared with the parent.

Uma cepa produtora de actinomicina-D foi isolada de solo e caracterizada como Streptomyces sindenensis. A cultura foi submetida à radiação UV, e um mutante capaz de produzir 400 por cento mais actinomicina-D foi isolado (400mg/L comparado a 80mg/L produzido pela cepa parental). O meio de produção do antibiótico foi otimizado e o rendimento aumentou para 850 mg/L, ou seja, 963 por cento mais alto que a cepa parental.

Nutritional regulation of actinomycin-D production by a new isolate of Streptomyces sindenensis using statistical methods.

Production of actinomycin-D, by an isolate, S. sindenensis, was optimized by statistical methods. Fructose peptone and NaNO3 were found to be critical for antibiotic production. In the second step, their concentrations were optimized with Central Composite Design and Response Surface Methodology. Fructose, peptone and NaNO3 at 2.55, 0.309 and 0.114% respectively gave approximately 261% higher yield (289 mg/l). Cultivation in fermentor at 600 rpm agitation and 1.5 vvm aeration with optimized medium gave 3.56 folds higher yield (365 mg/l) as compared to the yields in shake flasks using normal production medium (80 mg/l).

Microbial diversity--biotechnological and industrial perspectives.

Biodiversity is an addition sum of the studies on genetic, taxonomic commercial and ecosystem aspects of living systems. All the living individuals of a species contain a distinct combination of genes and the intrinsic interaction among the gene pool influences evolution, survival and phenotypic/genotypic changes of the part of the biodiversity i.e. community. The amount of genetic diversity within population varies tremendously and much of modern conservation biology is concerned with the maintenance of genetic diversity within the population of plants, animals and microbes. Germplasm, obtained with the vast biodiversity, provides a major source of biological material for the development of medicines, vaccines, pharmaceutical products, improved crop and animal varieties and for other environmental applications. Industrialized nations, who have the technology and resources to patent and develop commercial biological products, are having the benefits of biodiversity through the collected and conserved germplasm flowing through the international research centers. In fact a particular genetic contribution usually represents only a small percentage of the total value of the eventual products. In addition, the research and development process required to commercialize a particular product requires enormous technical efforts. The principle of patenting genes is the morally or ethically correct is a matter of intense debate. However, geneticists, having conceived of the technologies with vast and immediate therapeutic, food and environmental values must try to bring to the material to market as soon as possible.